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introduction to proofs & mathematical structures

college of the atlantic

introduction to proofs & mathematical structures

math is like a shiny disco ball

introduction to proofs & mathematical structures

college of the atlantic

introduction to proofs & mathematical structures

math is like a field of flowers on the top of a mountain

introduction to proofs & mathematical structures

college of the atlantic

introduction to proofs & mathematical structures

math is like a cat taking a nap in a sunbeam

PROOFS & MATHEMATICAL STRUCTURES

college of the atlantic

spring 2023

dave feldman

This course is an introduction to mathematical structures, proof techniques, and the language and style of formal mathematics. Topics to be covered include: intuitive and direct proofs, sets and functions, induction, logic, the contrapositive, and proof by contradiction. Additionally, this course aims to introduce students to some of the key elements of higher mathematics, and so, as time permits, we will cover introductory topics from areas such as number theory, topology, real analysis, and group theory. Throughout the course we will emphasize clear mathematical exposition and methods of proof. In addition to gaining an understanding of the topics listed above, students who complete this course will be able to: read and understand mathematical exposition; think critically as mathematicians and present convincing arguments; and read and write formal proofs. This class will help prepare students for further advanced study in mathematics and related fields. It will also be of value to those who wish to explore the logical structure of mathematics, gain increased facility with abstract mathematical thought, or sharpen analytic and critical reasoning skills. This course will be taught in a seminar style; students will frequently be asked to prepare proofs and examples for discussion in class and to work collaboratively on problems. Evaluation will be based on problem sets and active and collaborative class participation. Level: Intermediate. Prerequisites: Calculus II and permission of instructor. Class limit: 5. Lab Fee: None. Meets the following degree requirements: QR.

SCHEDULE

Week 01

Monday, April 3, 2023


Wednesday, April 5, 2023

  • Before class: Read up to page 21 in the textbook
  • Discuss reading
  • Work in pairs on Exercises 1.8, 1.19, and 1.17.


Thursday, April 6, 2023

  • Share solutions to 1.8, 1.19, and 1.17
  • Begin discussing direct proof methods
  • Handout: Odd and Even Numbers


Week 02

Monday, April 10, 2023

  • Before Class Read the following:
    • Section 1.4. These are two more interesing examples using the pigeonhole principle.
    • Chapter 1: "Pro Tips"
    • Chapter 1: "Open Questions"
    • Chapter 2: Sections 1, 2, and 3. We covered sections 1 and 2 in class, so reading these should be fairly quick. Section 3 is new material. Give it a read and see how it goes.
  • In class we will go over the reading and I'll then present Section 2.4 on greatest common divisors.


Wednesday, April 12, 2023

  • Before class: Read section 2.5, up to page 69
  • Discuss reading


Thursday, April 13, 2023


Friday, April 14, 2023


Week 03

Monday, April 17, 2023


Wednesday, April 19, 2023


Thursday, April 20, 2023



Week 04

Monday, April 24, 2023

  • Before class: Read "Further things to Ponder" and "Pro-tips" from Chapter 3
  • In class, we did exercises 3.7, 3.21, and 3.24.


Wednesday, April 26, 2023

  • Before class: Read "Introduction to Topology" at the end of Chapter 3.
  • Prove/disprove this. We'll discuss in class.


Thursday, April 27, 2023

  • Before class: spend some quality time with Exercise 3.42. You'll likely need to draw some pictures. We'll discuss this problem in class.
  • Read pages 147-155.



Week 05

Monday May 1, 2023

  • Before class: Read Example 4, pages 158-163.
  • Working in groups, prepare solutions to two-ish of these problems: [LaTeX]   [pdf].
  • We'll critique and discuss solutions in class.


Wednesday May 3, 2023

  • Before class: work on problems 4.25 and 4.26
  • Before class: read 167-170
  • In class: discuss reading and eat chocolate
  • In class: discuss problems 4.25 and 4.26


Thursday May 4, 2023

  • Before class: read pages 175-179
  • In class: discuss reading, discuss how to insert figures into LaTeX



Week 06

Monday May 8, 2023

  • Before class: read pages 180-184
  • Before class: read section 5.1 (pages 207-213)
  • Working in groups, prepare solutions to these problems: [LaTeX]   [jpg figure]   [pdf].
  • In class we will discuss the reading and go over the exercises.


Wednesday May 10, 2023

  • Before class: Read Sections 5.2 and 5.3
  • In class: Discuss readings
  • In class: Do problems: 5.22(b), 5.23(b), 5.24(a,b,c), 5.25(a,b,c), and 5.27(a,b,c)
  • In class: Brief introduction to mendeley


Thursday May 11, 2023

  • Before class: Read Sections 5.4 and 5.5
  • In class: Discuss Reading
  • In class: BibTeX!



Week 07

Monday May 15, 2023

  • Before class: Read "Proving a Sequence Converges", pp. 233-238.
  • Before class: Read Chapter 6, up to the middle of page 267
  • In class: We proved that 1/n^3 and 2n^2/(n^2+n) converge.
  • In class: We did exercise 6.3 and 6.6(a).


Wednesday May 17, 2023

  • Before class: Read 267-272
  • Before class: Working in groups (if at all possible), prepare solutions to these problems: [LaTeX]   [pdf]
  • In class: We'll go over the reading and the exercises


Thursday May 18, 2023

  • Before class: Read 6.4, Chapter 6 Pro-tips, Chpater 7 introduction
  • In class: Discuss reading.
  • In class: We did problems 7.3 and 7.4.



Week 08

Monday May 22, 2023

  • Before class: Read 7.3 and 7.4
  • In class: Discuss reading.
  • In class: We did problems 7.17 and 7.23.


Wednesday May 24, 2023

  • Before class: Read 7.5 and Chapter 7 pro-tips
  • Before class: Working in groups (if at all possible), prepare solutions to these problems: [LaTeX]   [pdf]
  • In class: Discuss reading and share problem solutions.


Thursday, May 25, 2023

  • Before class: Read 8.5
  • In class: Discuss reading and share problem solutions.



Week 09

Monday May 29, 2023

  • Before class: Read 8.2
  • In class: Discuss reading.
  • In class: We did problem 8.7.


Wednesday May 31, 2023

  • Before class: Read 8.3 and 8.3
  • In class: Discuss reading.
  • In class: We did problems 8.12 and 8.19.


Thursday June 1, 2023

  • Before class: Read 8.5 and Chapter 8 pro-tips.
  • In class: Discuss reading.
  • In class: Start thinking about relations, equivalence relations, and partitions.



Week 10

Monday June 5, 2023

  • Before class: Read 9.1
  • In class we did exercises 9.2, 0.6, 9.7, 9.8, 9.14 (a) and (b), 9.15 (b), and 9.16 (d).
  • In class: Discuss reading.


Wednesday June 7, 2023

  • Before class: Read 9.2 and Chapter 9 Pro-Tips
  • In class: Discuss reading.


Thursday June 8, 2023

  • Before class: Read Introduction to Cardinality
  • In class: Discuss reading.


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